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STOMACH DISEASE
The stomach is an
important organ in the body. It plays a vital role in digestion of foods,
releases various enzymes and also protects the lower intestine from harmful
organisms. The stomach connects to the esophagus above and to the small
intestine below. It is intricately related to the pancreas, spleen and liver.
The stomach does vary in size but its J shape is constant. The stomach lies in
the upper part of the abdomen just below the left rib cage.
Many stomach diseases are associated with
infection. Historically, it was widely believed that the highly acidic
environment of the stomach would keep the stomach immune from infection.
However, a large number of studies have indicated that most cases of stomach
ulcers, gastritis, and stomach cancer are caused by Helicobacter pylori
infection. One of the ways it is able to survive in the stomach involves its
urease enzymes which metabolize urea (which is normally secreted into the
stomach) to ammonia and carbon dioxide which neutralises gastric acid and thus
prevents its digestion. In recent years, it has been discovered that other Helicobacter
bacteria are also capable of colonising the stomach and have been associated
with gastritis.
Having too little or no
gastric acid is known as hypochlorhydria or achlorhydria respectively and are
conditions which can have negative health impacts. Having high levels of
gastric acid is called hyperchlorhydria. Many people believe that
hyperchlorhydria can cause stomach ulcers. However, recent research indicates
that the gastric mucosa which secretes gastric acid is acid-resistant.
Gastritis and stomach
cancer can be caused by Helicobacter pylori infection.
There are many types of
chronic disorders which affect the stomach. However since the symptoms are
localized to this organ, the typical symptoms of stomach problems include
nausea, vomiting, bloating, cramps, diarrhea and pain.
v List Of Vocabulary
§ Digestion = Pencernaan
§ Intestine = Usus
§ Harmful = Berbahaya
§ Esophagus = Saluran makanan, kerongkongan
§ Enzymes = Enzim
§ Releases = Pembebasan
§ Intricately = Berbelit-belit
§ Pancreas =
Pangkreas
§ Spleen = Limpa
§ Liver = Hati
§ Upper = Tempat tidur di atas
§ Abdomen = Daerah perut
§ Rib = Tulang rusuk
§ Cage = Kandang, sangkar
§ Acidic/acid = Asam
§ Ulcer = Bisul
§ Gastritis = Radang lambung
§ Disorder = Kekacauan
§ Nausea = Muak
§ Vomiting = Memuntahkan
§ Bloating = Bengkak
§ Cramp = Kram, kejang
§ Diarrhea = Mencret
§ Pain = Kesakitan
Exercise
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Answer
the question below!
1.
What is stomach?
2.
In our body the stomach connect
with?
3.
A large number of
studies have indicated that most cases of stomach ulcers, gastritis, and
stomach cancer are caused by?
4.
Mention one of the to
survive in the stomach involve?
5.
What is the typical
symptoms of stomach problems?
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